Is the Netherlands Taxing Unrealized Crypto Gains? It's Complicated

In brief

• From January 2028, taxation in the Netherlands will be applied to actual annual returns, including unrealized crypto gains, as opposed to “fictitious returns.”
• Investors will receive a €1,800 ($2,000) exemption on annual returns, and losses can be carried forward but not refunded.
• The reform follows Supreme Court rulings that found the previous system of taxing deemed or fictional returns unlawful.